Code Examples - Lotus Programming Language

Lotus Examples

Learn Lotus by exploring practical examples. Each example demonstrates key language features and patterns.

Hello World

The simplest Lotus program:

use "io";

fn int main() {
    println("Hello, World!");
    ret 0;
}

Hashing Basics

Compute hashes using the hash module:

use "io";
use "hash";

fn int main() {
    const string msg = "Test";

    int h1 = djb2(msg);
    printf("DJB2('%s'): %d\n", msg, h1);

    int h2 = fnv1a(msg, 4);
    printf("FNV-1a('%s'): %d\n", msg, h2);

    int h3 = crc32(msg, 4);
    printf("CRC32('%s'): %d\n", msg, h3);

    int h4 = murmur(msg, 4, 42);
    printf("Murmur3('%s', seed=42): %d\n", msg, h4);

    ret 0;
}

Collections: Dynamic Array

Use dynamic arrays from the collections module:

use "io";
use "collections";

fn int main() {
    int* arr = array_int_new(8);
    array_int_push(arr, 10);
    array_int_push(arr, 20);
    int n = array_int_len(arr);

    printf("Array length: %d\n", n);
    ret 0;
}

Networking: Connect & Send

A minimal TCP connect using the net module:

use "net";

fn int main() {
    int fd = socket(2, 1, 0); // AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM
    int ok = connect_ipv4(fd, 0x7F000001, 8080); // 127.0.0.1:8080
    if ok == 0 {
        send(fd, "hi", 2);
        close(fd);
    }
    ret 0;
}

Working with Functions

Functions with parameters and return values:

use "io";

fn int factorial(int n) {
    if n <= 1 {
        ret 1;
    }
    ret n * factorial(n - 1);
}

fn int main() {
    int result = factorial(5);
    printf("5! = %d\n", result);
    ret 0;
}

Using Standard Library - Math Module

Compute maximum and absolute values:

use "io";
use "math";

fn int main() {
    int a = -10;
    int b = 20;
    int magnitude = abs(a);
    int larger = max(magnitude, b);
    
    printf("abs(%d) = %d\n", a, magnitude);
    printf("max(%d, %d) = %d\n", magnitude, b, larger);
    ret 0;
}

String Operations

Using the string module:

use "io";
use "str";

fn int main() {
    string name = "Lotus";
    int length = len(name);
    
    printf("Language: %s\n", name);
    printf("Length: %d\n", length);
    ret 0;
}

Printf Formatting

Demonstrating different printf verbs:

use "io";

fn int main() {
    int value = 42;
    
    printf("Decimal:  %d\n", value);
    printf("Hex:      %x\n", value);
    printf("Octal:    %o\n", value);
    printf("Binary:   %b\n", value);
    printf("Character: %c\n", 65);
    printf("String:   %s\n", "Lotus");
    
    ret 0;
}

Loops and Conditionals

Control flow in Lotus:

use "io";

fn int main() {
    // For loop
    printf("Counting up:\n");
    for int i = 1; i <= 5; i = i + 1 {
        printf("%d ", i);
    }
    println("");
    
    // While loop
    printf("Countdown:\n");
    int count = 5;
    while count > 0 {
        printf("%d ", count);
        count = count - 1;
    }
    println("");
    
    // If/else
    int age = 18;
    if age >= 18 {
        println("Adult");
    } else {
        println("Minor");
    }
    
    ret 0;
}

Memory Management

Dynamic memory allocation with malloc/free:

use "io";
use "mem";

fn int main() {
    int size = 10;
    int* buffer = malloc(sizeof(int) * size);
    
    if buffer != null {
        printf("Allocated %d bytes\n", sizeof(int) * size);
        free(buffer);
        println("Memory freed");
    }
    
    ret 0;
}

Constants and Variables

Using constants and variables together:

use "io";

const int MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3;
const string APP_NAME = "MyApp";

fn int main() {
    int attempts = 0;
    string status = "running";
    
    printf("App: %s\n", APP_NAME);
    printf("Max attempts: %d\n", MAX_ATTEMPTS);
    printf("Status: %s\n", status);
    
    while attempts < MAX_ATTEMPTS {
        printf("Attempt %d\n", attempts + 1);
        attempts = attempts + 1;
    }
    
    ret 0;
}

More Resources

For comprehensive documentation and API references: